assignmentutor-lab™ 为您的留学生涯保驾护航 在代写数据可视化Data visualization方面已经树立了自己的口碑, 保证靠谱, 高质且原创的统计Statistics代写服务。我们的专家在代写数据可视化Data visualization代写方面经验极为丰富，各种代写数据可视化Data visualization相关的作业也就用不着说。

• Statistical Inference 统计推断
• Statistical Computing 统计计算
• (Generalized) Linear Models 广义线性模型
• Statistical Machine Learning 统计机器学习
• Longitudinal Data Analysis 纵向数据分析
• Foundations of Data Science 数据科学基础

## 统计代写|数据可视化代写Data visualization代考|Playfair’s Life

William Playfair was born on September 22,1759 , in the small Scottish village of Liff, near the city of Dundee. His father, James, a minister in Liff, died in 1772 , and so the responsibility for twelve-year-old William’s education fell to his older brother, John, who, even at the young age of twenty-four, was already recognized as likely to become one of Scotland’s most distinguished natural scientists.

John’s approach to science was unequivocally empirical. Later William recalled an assignment given to him by his brother in which he was to record the daily high temperatures over an extended period of time. John told him to think of his results as a series of thermometers sitting side by side and to record them graphically with that form in mind. It was but a small step to abstract the essence from the images of the thermometers. He would record a dot, representing the top of the column of mercury in the thermometer, as an appropriate point in a Cartesian space: the time of the measurement as the horizontal axis and the temperature on the vertical axis. William subsequently gave credit to his brother for instilling the idea of translating numerical information into a spatial form. As he said later,

The advantages proposed by [the graphical] mode of representation, are to facilitate the attainment of information, and aid the memory in retaining it: which two points form the principal business in what we call learning. Of all the senses, the eye gives the liveliest and most accurate idea of whatever is susceptible of being represented to it; and when proportion between different quantities is the object, then the eye has an incalculable superiority. (Breviary, 1801, p. 14)

## 统计代写|数据可视化代写Data visualization代考|Playfair’s Graphic Contributions

Over the course of almost forty years William Playfair made a large number of key contributions to effective graphic display of data. His key innovations were time-series line graphs, plotting some variable over time; an extension of this, shading the area between two such curves to show their difference; the bar chart, showing a quantitative variable às a reectangular bar along some scale, with different bars for different circumstances to be compared; and the traditional pie chart and variations on the same theme, sometimes called “circular diagrams”, to show proportions of a whole.

Various graphic design elements had been used before, principally in maps. In his graphic works, Playfair can be seen to have developed some elements of a graphic language for charts of data that are now considered standard conventions in published data graphics; some of these are shown in Figure 5.1. Among the embellishments and refinements to graphs that he formulated and improved were the following.

1. Framing of the plot, leaving room inside for labels and axis values.
2. Titles, placed outside the frame or as a framed cartouche inside, and describing what was shown or the purpose of the chart.
3. Color coding; for example, he used a thick red line for exports, a green line for imports, and he filled in the space between them with one color when exports exceeded imports (the balance of trade was positive) and a contrasting color when the balance of trade was negative. At the time, this required hand-coloring of printed copies, but Playfair thought this was important for graphic communication.
1. Hachure and stippled dots, used when color was either too expensive or not available; Playfair simulated dark colors by hachure and lighter colors by stippling.
2. Labeling of axes, including the name of the variable and units.
3. Gridlines. Major gridlines were engraved more heavily than minor gridlines, giving two levels of scale. ${ }^2$
4. Time-period indicators, highlighting spans of time that serve to help understand trends or differences.

# 数据可视化代考

## 统计代写|数据可视化代写Data visualization代考|Playfair’s Life

[图形] 表示模式提出的优点是便于获取信息，并帮助记忆保留它：这两个点构成了我们所谓的学习的主要业务。在所有感官中，眼睛对任何可能被它表示的事物给出了最生动、最准确的想法。而当不同量之间的比例为对象时，则眼睛具有不可估量的优势。（摘要，1801，第 14 页）

## 统计代写|数据可视化代写Data visualization代考|Playfair’s Graphic Contributions

1. 绘图的框架，为标签和轴值留出空间。
2. 标题，放置在框架外或作为框架内的圆形装饰，并描述显示的内容或图表的目的。
3. 颜色编码；例如，他用粗红线表示出口，用绿线表示进口，当出口超过进口（贸易顺差为正）时，他用一种颜色填充它们之间的空间，当贸易平衡时，他用对比色填充为阴性。当时，这需要手工为印刷品上色，但 Playfair 认为这对于图形交流很重要。
1. Hachure 和点画点，当颜色太贵或没有时使用；Playfair 通过阴影模拟深色，通过点画模拟浅色。
2. 轴的标签，包括变量的名称和单位。
3. 网格线。主要网格线比次要网格线雕刻得更重，提供两个级别的比例。2
4. 时间段指标，突出显示有助于理解趋势或差异的时间跨度。

## 有限元方法代写

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## MATLAB代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中，其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括：数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发，包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统，其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题，尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题，而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问，这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展，得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中，它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域，MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要，工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数（M 文件）的综合集合，可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。

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